William Wellman - Part 1: Four early films

William Wellman and friend (IMDb)

My love for the Harvard Film Archive* just gets stronger and stronger. Exhibit A: Their current William Wellman retrospective.  Wellman is one of those Hollywood directors that lacks the name recognition of a Hitchcock, John Ford, Frank Capra and the like.  But his talent produced some of the best and/or most entertaining films made in Hollywood over four decades, including a film I wrote about last year, The Ox-Bow Incident.  And, as I discovered, he's a native of my current town, Brookline, Massachusetts, and for that alone, this retrospective grabbed my attention.  [Go here for the full list of films in the retrospective.]

Sadly, I can't attend all the screenings, despite my efforts to look for ways to camp out on the grass at Harvard Yard(!)  But, in the first ten days of the series, I got to four of his early films.  This post is simply my appreciation for Wellman's craft as shown in these films, all of which were first-time viewings for me.  In a later post, I'll write about some of his later films.

First, some facts--and/or legends--about William Wellman:

• He was born in Brookline but attended high school in Newton, Mass., down the road, where he apparently got expelled for dropping a stink-bomb on the principal's head.
• He played professional ice hockey.
• He became a fighter pilot in WWI.
• He piloted his airplane onto the grounds of Pickfair (the Douglas Fairbanks-Mary Pickford Hollywood estate) when given a casual invitation to "drop by" after Fairbanks saw him play in a hockey match.
• He got his start as an actor in films in the silent era, due to his connection with Fairbanks, but quickly became much more interested in directing.
• He directed Fairbanks' son, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., in Love is a Racket (1932).
• For his escapades before and during his film career, he earned the nickname "Wild Bill" Wellman.  The picture above tells it all, doesn't it?!
• His film Wings was the first, in 1928, to win what is now known as the 'Best Picture' Oscar.
• His 1931 film The Public Enemy made a star of James Cagney and helped propel Jean Harlow out of obscurity.
• He directed the first-ever version of A Star is Born (1937).
• His directing style was wide-ranging, with an emphasis on action and movement, as well as on realistic settings.  His pre-code output in the early 30s was the greatest of his career. 

Battle scenes in Wings (IMDb)

Wings (Paramount, 1927 -- silent).

This is the first film in history to win the best picture Oscar. It tells the story of two friends in small town America who become fighter pilots in WWI. Their friendship is strengthened, but also is their rivalry, which stems from their love for the same woman back home.  There are heroic scenes aplenty, and some moments of tragedy.

The Wellman touch:  It's part action/war flick and part melodrama.  Wellman clearly put his flying expertise into this--the action shots were made by mounting cameras on actual airplanes and capturing real planes, carrying the real stars (!), flying up and down and over in the great skies. The film obviously was a huge success and played in some cinemas continually for over a year.

l-r: Charles Rogers, Clara  Bow,
Richard Arlen (HFA)

What impressed me:  The star power in this film is top caliber for the day, and oh my, the stars were stunningly gorgeous.  Richard Arlen and Jobyna Ralston in particular, but also Charles (Buddy) Rogers and Clara Bow, the 'IT' girl of the day, who unfortunately had a tendency to overplay in this one. Gary Cooper makes a brief appearance, but he would shortly eclipse all these stars in the popularity department.  Even El Brendel, as the comic relief, looked good here(!).

It's no secret that the action sequences are jaw-dropping, but seeing them on the big screen elicited gasps from me, and others, on more than one occasion.  The scope of the battlefield scenes reminds us that the silent era did not necessarily skimp on craft or quality compared to the sound era--directors like Wellman made the most of what was available to them, and often dreamed big.  Watch below for one of the big aerial scenes.

Beggars of Life (Paramount, 1928-silent).  

Richard Arlen again was the star in this one, but rather than a war story, this film shows the adventures of two young down-on-their-luck vagrants, the other being silent legend Louise Brooks.  The two fall in love while trying to run from the law, and get entangled with a dangerous gang.  This film was recently restored and released on Kino Lorber.

The Wellman touch:  Silent film melodrama works well when the emotions of the film's characters, the backbone of the film, are done justice by the choices the actors and director make.  The best directors work with the glory of the 'faces' they had back then to draw us in.  Wellman was terrific at this, using powerful close-ups in key moments.  But true to form, he also kept the pace moving quickly, with action sequences in this case on and around moving trains.

Louise Brooks sees Richard Arlen's character for the first time

What impressed me:  This film is a perfect demonstration of how great silent cinematic melodrama, like opera, often focuses on no more than three central characters confronting life-altering circumstances or choices.  Regardless of how realistic the scenarios are, the art is in us finding the universal feelings of the human condition and losing ourselves in the experience.  

Wellman was able to get his actors to be the best they could be: Louise Brooks, both androgynous and stunning, and Richard Arlen, handsome, virile, and yet sensitive. And for the "villain" Wallace Beery, an oafish presence in most of his films, but here his talent is inarguable.  There is a scene toward the end of the movie where his character goes through a change of heart.  With only pantomime and facial expression - Beery is so so good. I gained a new respect for Beery as an actor. 

Wallace Beery in Beggars of Life 

Beau Geste (Paramount, 1939)

The British colonial adventure novel, Beau Geste, by Percival Christopher Wren, was filmed so many times that a parody in 1977 was called The Last Remake of Beau Geste (note to self - I need to watch that sometime.) The basic story is that of the three Geste brothers, Beau, John, and Digby; they join the foreign legion and have to defend a fort in the Sahara under attack by Arabs.  In the meantime, one of them, unknown to the others, has stolen a jewel from his adoptive mother in order to protect her from scandal and bankruptcy.  Adventures ensue.  This particular film was the first 'talking' version, coming 13 years after the highly successful silent version starring Ronald Colman.

Robert Preston, Gary Cooper, and Ray Milland as the
Geste brothers, in civilian dress. (photo from HFA).

The brothers in their uniforms (IMDb)

The Wellman touch:  Here Wellman again used his love of realistic locales, and arranged for the filming of this in real sand dunes in 'Buttercup Valley' California, near the Arizona border, the same location as the 1926 film.  As usual he put his actors through the rugged treatment, but they all gained respect for him, as, according to Preston, on an off night in a Mexican border town, a character came to their table and reminded Wellman he served as his airplane mechanic in the war (from Majestic Hollywood: The Greatest Films of 1939, by Mark Vieira).

Brian Donlevy (from allposterimages.com)

What impressed me:  I was pretty sure I had not seen this version going in, but when it started, it looked so familiar I began to question if I indeed had seen it. It turns out, it was the silent version I had seen, but this one adhered so closely to the that the deja vu feeling was strong and understandable.  Despite being familiar with the story, I particularly loved the commitment and zest that Brian Donlevy put into his role as the sadistic commander of the troops at the fort.  He deservedly won the Oscar for supporting actor as a result.  Apparently, he was not popular on the set, having immersed himself a bit too deeply as Sgt. Markoff.

At the beginning, the camera pans over the fort, where men are stationed one per lookout point, across the top. It is creepy, in that all of the men are staring out at us, but we realize with horror that every face is that of a dead man, killed in action, but propped up to look like he is at his post.  This was also a choice made by the director of the 1926 version, Herbert Brenon.

Overall, the film won't be on my favorites list, but it is worth seeing if you're a fan of Wellman's, or any of the actors.

Nothing Sacred (Selznick International Pictures, 1937)

As a classic 'screwball comedy', starring Carole Lombard, the screwball queen, Nothing Sacred was a departure for Wellman. In this depression-era genre, typically a dizzy female heroine involves her male companions in a farcical situation that allows them to play off one another in an early Hollywood 'battle of the sexes'.  In this one, Lombard is Hazel Flagg, a young woman in a small Vermont town who is presumably dying of radium poisoning. A down-on-his-luck New York City reporter Wally Cook, played by Fredric March, sees an angle to exploit, and brings Hazel to the big city to be a one-woman human interest story, to impress his beleagured boss, played by Walter Connolly.  Little do they know, and Hazel isn't about to reveal, that she's just been declared healthy.  And, of course, as she tries harder to conceal this fact, she and Wally fall in love.  This 'battle of the sexes' becomes a real battle, when the two don boxing gloves and literally duke it out for several minutes near the end of the film!

The Wellman touch:  The pace of the film was perfect, with the farcical situations gaining momentum without the action ever rising to the level of the maniacal. There were many scenes in which the actors were placed in a perfectly symmetrical position, and I consciously appreciated the image composition while I was enjoying the performances.  

Fredric March and Carole Lombard (Wikipedia)

What impressed me:  While Lombard is dependably wonderful, I was surprised by how well Fredric March pulled off his role. I consider him as mostly a serious actor - think The Best Years of Our Lives, The Barretts of Wimple Street.  Come to think of it, he played in two other comedies that I've seen: I Married a Witch, and Design for Living, so perhaps not as much a stretch as I originally thought.  However, I learned that the role was written for John Barrymore, but at this point in his career, his alcoholism prevented him from getting the part.

It was a little jarring to see a 1930s screwball comedy in color, but once I settled into this, I could appreciate the top production values accorded the film, as was common for Selznick, including the music by Oscar Levant and the screenplay by Ben Hecht. Also, with Lombard's reddish hair, I kept thinking about the similarities between her and Lucille Ball, who idolized Lombard as a comedienne.  You can see how Ball adopted some of Lombard's facial expressions and kinetic acting style in her Lucy Ricardo character.  

Stay tuned for more of my Wellman experience, in the next couple of months.

*Sad note: The HFA lost programmer David Pendleton, this past week.  RIP David.  I enjoyed hearing him offer his tremendous insights introducing films over the last several years.  Here is a recent appreciation by critic Ty Burr.

W.C.Fields Afternoon at the Somerville Theatre

For fans of this great comedian it was a dream come true this past Sunday afternoon: two silent features screened in 35 mm, along with a silent and talking short, with live music from keyboardist Jeff Rapsis and tales from Fields' granddaughter Dr. Harriet Fields.  It was a good crowd at the Somerville, and considering it was a drizzly and cool day, it made perfect sense to stay inside and take part in this 4+ hour event.

W.C. Fields (1880 - 1946) is a film comedian whose films I haven't approached much before this, only having seen one short and one feature. His career was not unlike many turn of the century comedians who first made their mark on the stage and in Vaudeville in particular.  Fields here perfected his tricks and physical comedic timing that translated so effectively on the screen.  In fact, throughout most of his career he alternated between stage and screen projects. His first-ever film was the silent short POOL SHARKS (1915), which was one of the films screened between the two features.  It struck me as an undistinguished early silent comedy, with the frantic energy of Fields and his cronies circumnavigating a pool table and conjuring all kinds of tricks with the shots and ball movements to wow audiences.  I learned that this very pool table from the film is now on exhibit at the Magic Castle hotel and museum in Hollywood, where I stayed for the Turner Classic Film Festival.  If I go back next year I need to check it out!

That's Fields in the center with his clip-on mustache he used in all his silent films.

This program at the Somerville, part of their 'Silents, Please' series, was rather a continuation of last year's 100th anniversary celebration of Fields' first appearance on the screen.  The  feature silent films were restored by the Library of Congress and now are listed on the National Film Registry.  Both were fun, but I especially liked 'SO'S YOUR OLD MAN (1926).  In this one, Fields plays a 'glazier' in a lower class home who invents a special unbreakable car windshield.  He incurs the wrath of the local society matron whose son has fallen for Fields' daughter, because his lower class manners are insulting to her.  In an extended rant, the society matron dresses him down, with him listening patiently; he has the last word at the end when he comes back at her (unnamed) insults with "so's your old man!"

After a series of mishaps he finds his reputation saved by a Spanish princess he meets on a train, and ultimately becomes a rich business owner and everyone lives happily ever after.  It's a really fun romp, with many sight gags--special mention should be made of  the terrific comic turns of Marcia Harris as Fields' wife, and Julia Ralph as the society matron.  Interestingly Gregory La Cava, perhaps best known as the director of the screwball classic MY MAN GODFREY, was the director of this and likely had a lot to do with its success.  The film was apparently remade as YOU'RE TELLING ME (1934), and featured Fields' hilarious golf course routine.

Louise Brooks and Fields
in IT'S THE OLD ARMY GAME

The second feature of the day was IT'S THE OLD ARMY GAME (1926).  This one was also produced at the Astoria Studios in Queens, and featured a lovely Louise Brooks along with Fields.  Fields, here as Mr. Prettywillie (!), is a drug store owner in Florida who is trying to make it big by selling questionable real estate deals from New York.  In the meantime he and his family go for an extended picnic on the lawn of a local mansion uninvited, and there is a romantic sub-plot between Brooks, one of his shop workers, and another character, and all sorts of assorted gags and misadventures.  I found this one not quite as enjoyable as the first, and a bit hard to follow, but it did have some hilarious moments, and I found myself appreciating Fields' particular brand of acerbic and athletic visual humor.

Dr. Harriet Fields (from Linked In)

Dr. Harriet Fields, Vice-President of W.C. Fields Productions and advocate for her grandfather's memory, spoke multiple times during the program, before and between films, and taking questions from the audience. While Dr. Fields is a prominent health-care activist in Africa, she clearly relishes her part-time mission of enabling the best possible current appreciation of Fields' talent.  She shared with us her view of him as a person, especially as a loyal friend. Among his good friends were Louise Brooks, humorist Will Rogers, and actor Grady Sutton.  Dr. Fields told one funny story about when W.C. was invited to Louise Brooks' home in Hollywood after she became a star--he horrified her by picking up expensive pieces of china and crystal and juggling them high in the air.  Luckily, Fields was a first-rate juggler and all survived intact.

Another interesting story she told story is the 'canary incident' in which Fields was apparently hauled before a judge charged with 'torturing a canary' during a stage act.  The 'torture' mainly consisted of the bird being placed in his pocket.  The story is recounted here.  The actual court transcripts are public record and have been turned into live entertainment by way of a dramatic public reading!

Jeff Rapsis addresses the crowd

About the man personally, Dr. Fields described him as much friendlier to animals and children than his reputation suggests, and someone who loved to read and learn.  One of his hobbies was reading the dictionary at night, and there got ideas for some of his wacky character names, including "Prettywillie", his name in IT'S THE OLD ARMY GAME.

Not a bad way to spend a rainy Sunday--in the company of other classic film enthusiasts enjoying rare films on the big screen.  A special mention must go to Somerville staff, and also keyboardist and silent film music expert Jeff Rapsis, who added a tremendous live improvised soundtrack to all of the silents, and who also served as partial M.C. to the event.

For your summer reading lists, here are two books to consider adding:

The reissue of Fields' book first published  in 1940, 
new forward by Dick Cavett

New 'autobiography' of Fields from his personal papers,
compiled by grandson Ronald J. Fields.  Forward by Conan O'Brien.